• Fiddleheads: emerge early spring, bright red to maroon stems sparsely covered in tiny, pale scales
• Fronds: compound, narrowly triangular in outline, widest at the base, 4 to 24 inches long, 2 to 5 inches wide, leaflets; irregularly toothed, veins branched and terminate in notches between teeth
• Spores: groups of spores found on underside of leaf, circular and arranged in a row along one or both sides of leaflet midvein about halfway to edge
• Fruiting season: Mid-summer
• Height: 12-30 inches
• Habitat: shaded slopes, shaded banks, bluffs, talus slopes, swamps
• Other: Larger round bulblets also frequently form along the stalk; these eventually fall off and form new plants