• Fronds: single near top of stem, egg-shaped to oblong in outline, up to 7 pairs of leaflets, leaflet size and shape highly variable
• Spores: fertile frond 1-3 times as long as sterile frond, spores develop along branches in small, round capsules that turn yellow when mature
• Fruiting season: June - July
• Height: 1-10 inches
• Habitat: hardwood forest, iron tailing dump, grassy openings, black ash swamps, sedge meadows