1. Guias
  2. Sankofa Wetland Park & Nature Trail
  3. Yaupon Holly

Yaupon Holly

Ilex vomitoria

Summary 44

Ilex vomitoria, commonly known as yaupon /jɒpɒn/ or yaupon holly, is a species of holly that is native to southeastern North America. The word yaupon was derived from its Catawban name, yopún, which is a diminutive form of the word yop, meaning "tree". Another common name, cassina, was borrowed from the Timucua language (despite this, it usually refers to Ilex cassine).

Cultivation and uses 45

Native Americans brewed the leaves and stems to brew a tisane, commonly thought to be called asi or black drink for male-only purification and unity rituals. The ceremony included vomiting, and Europeans deduced that yaupon caused it (hence the Latin name - Ilex vomitoria). The active ingredients, like those of the related yerba mate and guayusa plants, are caffeine, theobromine, and theophylline; the vomiting may have resulted from the great quantities in which they drank the beverage, coupled with fasting. The popular writer on edible wild plants, Euell Gibbons, who was not an expert in ethnobotany, believed the Europeans improperly assumed the black drink to be the Ilex vomitoria infusion, asserting that it was an entirely different drink made from various roots and herbs and did have emetic properties.

Native Americans may have also used the infusion as a laxative. Recently, the process of drying the leaves for consumption has been adopted by modern Americans, and yaupon is now commercially available.

Ilex vomitoria is a common landscape plant in the Southeastern United States. The most common cultivars are slow-growing shrubs popular for their dense, evergreen foliage and their adaptability to pruning into hedges of various shapes. These include:

Cultivation and uses 45

Native Americans brewed the leaves and stems to brew a tisane, commonly thought to be called asi or black drink for male-only purification and unity rituals. The ceremony included vomiting, and Europeans deduced that yaupon caused it (hence the Latin name - Ilex vomitoria). The active ingredients, like those of the related yerba mate and guayusa plants, are caffeine, theobromine, and theophylline; the vomiting may have resulted from the great quantities in which they drank the beverage, coupled with fasting. The popular writer on edible wild plants, Euell Gibbons, who was not an expert in ethnobotany, believed the Europeans improperly assumed the black drink to be the Ilex vomitoria infusion, asserting that it was an entirely different drink made from various roots and herbs and did have emetic properties.

Native Americans may have also used the infusion as a laxative. Recently, the process of drying the leaves for consumption has been adopted by modern Americans, and yaupon is now commercially available.

Ilex vomitoria is a common landscape plant in the Southeastern United States. The most common cultivars are slow-growing shrubs popular for their dense, evergreen foliage and their adaptability to pruning into hedges of various shapes. These include:

Description 45

Yaupon holly is an evergreenshrub or small tree reaching 5–9 m tall, with smooth, light gray bark and slender, hairy shoots. The leaf arrangement is alternate, with leaves ovate to elliptical and a rounded apex with crenate or coarsely serrated margin, 1–4.5 cm long and 1–2 cm broad, glossy dark green above, slightly paler below. The flowers are 5–5.5 mm diameter, with a white four-lobed corolla. The fruit is a small round, shiny, and red (occasionally yellow) drupe 4–6 mm diameter containing four pits, which are dispersed by birds eating the fruit. The species may be distinguished from the similar Ilex cassine by its smaller leaves with a rounded, not acute apex.

Description 45

Yaupon holly is an evergreenshrub or small tree reaching 5–9 m tall, with smooth, light gray bark and slender, hairy shoots. The leaf arrangement is alternate, with leaves ovate to elliptical and a rounded apex with crenate or coarsely serrated margin, 1–4.5 cm long and 1–2 cm broad, glossy dark green above, slightly paler below. The flowers are 5–5.5 mm diameter, with a white four-lobed corolla. The fruit is a small round, shiny, and red (occasionally yellow) drupe 4–6 mm diameter containing four pits, which are dispersed by birds eating the fruit. The species may be distinguished from the similar Ilex cassine by its smaller leaves with a rounded, not acute apex.

Ecology 45

The fruit are an important food for many birds, including Florida duck, American black duck, mourning dove, ruffed grouse, bobwhite quail, wild turkey, northern flicker, sapsuckers, cedar waxwing, eastern bluebird, American robin, gray catbird, northern mockingbird, and white-throated sparrow. Mammals that eat the fruit include nine-banded armadillo, American black bear, gray fox, raccoon and skunks. The foliage and twigs are browsed by white-tailed deer.

Ecology 45

The fruit are an important food for many birds, including Florida duck, American black duck, mourning dove, ruffed grouse, bobwhite quail, wild turkey, northern flicker, sapsuckers, cedar waxwing, eastern bluebird, American robin, gray catbird, northern mockingbird, and white-throated sparrow. Mammals that eat the fruit include nine-banded armadillo, American black bear, gray fox, raccoon and skunks. The foliage and twigs are browsed by white-tailed deer.

Habitat and range 45

I. vomitoria occurs in the United States from the Eastern Shore of Virginia south to Florida and west to Oklahoma and Texas. A disjunct population occurs in the Mexican state of Chiapas. It generally occurs in coastal areas in well-drained sandy soils, and can be found on the upper edges of brackish and salt marshes, sandy hammocks, coastal sand dunes, inner-dune depressions, sandhills, maritime forests, nontidal forested wetlands, well-drained forests and pine flatwoods.

Habitat and range 45

I. vomitoria occurs in the United States from the Eastern Shore of Virginia south to Florida and west to Oklahoma and Texas. A disjunct population occurs in the Mexican state of Chiapas. It generally occurs in coastal areas in well-drained sandy soils, and can be found on the upper edges of brackish and salt marshes, sandy hammocks, coastal sand dunes, inner-dune depressions, sandhills, maritime forests, nontidal forested wetlands, well-drained forests and pine flatwoods.

Human consumption 45

Native Americans brewed the leaves and stems to brew a tisane, commonly thought to be called asi or black drink for male-only purification and unity rituals. The ceremony included vomiting, and Europeans deduced that yaupon caused it (hence the Latin name - Ilex vomitoria). The active ingredients, like those of the related yerba mate and guayusa plants, are caffeine, theobromine, and theophylline; the vomiting may have resulted from the great quantities in which they drank the beverage, coupled with fasting. The popular writer on edible wild plants, Euell Gibbons, who was not an expert in ethnobotany, believed the Europeans improperly assumed the black drink to be the Ilex vomitoria infusion, asserting that it was an entirely different drink made from various roots and herbs and did have emetic properties.

Native Americans may have also used the infusion as a laxative. Recently, the process of drying the leaves for consumption has been adopted by modern Americans, and yaupon is now commercially available.

Human consumption 45

Native Americans brewed the leaves and stems to brew a tisane, commonly thought to be called asi or black drink for male-only purification and unity rituals. The ceremony included vomiting, and Europeans deduced that yaupon caused it (hence the Latin name - Ilex vomitoria). The active ingredients, like those of the related yerba mate and guayusa plants, are caffeine, theobromine, and theophylline; the vomiting may have resulted from the great quantities in which they drank the beverage, coupled with fasting. The popular writer on edible wild plants, Euell Gibbons, who was not an expert in ethnobotany, believed the Europeans improperly assumed the black drink to be the Ilex vomitoria infusion, asserting that it was an entirely different drink made from various roots and herbs and did have emetic properties.

Native Americans may have also used the infusion as a laxative. Recently, the process of drying the leaves for consumption has been adopted by modern Americans, and yaupon is now commercially available.

Ornamental 45

Ilex vomitoria is a common landscape plant in the Southeastern United States. The most common cultivars are slow-growing shrubs popular for their dense, evergreen foliage and their adaptability to pruning into hedges of various shapes. These include:

Ornamental 45

Ilex vomitoria is a common landscape plant in the Southeastern United States. The most common cultivars are slow-growing shrubs popular for their dense, evergreen foliage and their adaptability to pruning into hedges of various shapes. These include:

Summary 45

Ilex vomitoria, commonly known as yaupon (/ˈjɔːpɒn/) or yaupon holly, is a species of holly that is native to southeastern North America. The word yaupon was derived from the Catawban yą́pą, from yą- tree + pą leaf. Another common name, cassina, was borrowed from Timucua (despite this, it usually refers to Ilex cassine). The Latin name comes from an incorrect belief by Europeans that the plant caused vomiting in certain ceremonies.

Summary 45

Ilex vomitoria, commonly known as yaupon (/ˈjɔːpɒn/) or yaupon holly, is a species of holly that is native to southeastern North America. The word yaupon was derived from the Catawban yą́pą, from yą- tree + pą leaf. Another common name, cassina, was borrowed from Timucua (despite this, it usually refers to Ilex cassine). The Latin name comes from an incorrect belief by Europeans that the plant caused vomiting in certain ceremonies.

Fontes e Créditos

  1. (c) Laura Clark, alguns direitos reservados (CC BY), uploaded by Laura Clark
  2. (c) Josh*m, alguns direitos reservados (CC BY-NC-SA), https://www.flickr.com/photos/gravitywave/444497886/
  3. (c) Josh*m, alguns direitos reservados (CC BY-NC-SA), https://www.flickr.com/photos/gravitywave/1762428837/
  4. (c) Mary Keim, alguns direitos reservados (CC BY-NC-SA), https://www.flickr.com/photos/38514062@N03/30077061943/
  5. (c) Josh*m, alguns direitos reservados (CC BY-NC-SA), https://www.flickr.com/photos/gravitywave/447563743/
  6. (c) Mary Keim, alguns direitos reservados (CC BY-NC-SA), https://www.flickr.com/photos/38514062@N03/10935784183/
  7. (c) PenF Fan, alguns direitos reservados (CC BY-NC), https://www.flickr.com/photos/pen-f-fan/50461349353/
  8. (c) PenF Fan, alguns direitos reservados (CC BY-NC-SA), https://www.flickr.com/photos/pen-f-fan/43323853591/
  9. (c) Scott Zona, alguns direitos reservados (CC BY-NC), https://www.flickr.com/photos/scottzona/45994639352/
  10. (c) Forest and Kim Starr, alguns direitos reservados (CC BY), https://www.flickr.com/photos/starr-environmental/24882336211/
  11. (c) Phillip Merritt, alguns direitos reservados (CC BY-NC-SA), https://www.flickr.com/photos/phillipmerritt/393239167/
  12. (c) Scott Zona, alguns direitos reservados (CC BY-NC), https://www.flickr.com/photos/scottzona/5615852715/
  13. (c) Phillip Merritt, alguns direitos reservados (CC BY-NC-SA), https://www.flickr.com/photos/phillipmerritt/393239345/
  14. (c) sonnia hill, alguns direitos reservados (CC BY), https://www.flickr.com/photos/carthamus/49688011126/
  15. (c) Scott Zona, alguns direitos reservados (CC BY-NC), https://www.flickr.com/photos/scottzona/5615854347/
  16. (c) Scott Zona, alguns direitos reservados (CC BY-NC), https://www.flickr.com/photos/scottzona/5615852553/
  17. (c) Liz Henry, alguns direitos reservados (CC BY-ND), https://www.flickr.com/photos/lizhenry/49566317161/
  18. (c) François Guibert, alguns direitos reservados (CC BY-NC-ND), https://www.flickr.com/photos/78088681@N00/3326251044/
  19. (c) Leonora (Ellie) Enking, alguns direitos reservados (CC BY-SA), https://www.flickr.com/photos/33037982@N04/25389686786/
  20. (c) Scott Zona, alguns direitos reservados (CC BY-NC), https://www.flickr.com/photos/scottzona/8185750997/
  21. (c) thesix, alguns direitos reservados (CC BY-NC-SA), https://www.flickr.com/photos/sixthfrog/415662781/
  22. (c) Michael Gras, M.Ed., alguns direitos reservados (CC BY), https://www.flickr.com/photos/mikegras/15539759729/
  23. (c) Josh*m, alguns direitos reservados (CC BY-NC-SA), https://www.flickr.com/photos/gravitywave/1455304455/
  24. (c) Phillip Merritt, alguns direitos reservados (CC BY-NC-SA), https://www.flickr.com/photos/phillipmerritt/3126681328/
  25. (c) Scott Zona, alguns direitos reservados (CC BY-NC), https://www.flickr.com/photos/scottzona/8185790996/
  26. (c) Mary Keim, alguns direitos reservados (CC BY-NC-SA), https://www.flickr.com/photos/38514062@N03/45551072822/
  27. (c) Phillip Merritt, alguns direitos reservados (CC BY-NC-SA), https://www.flickr.com/photos/phillipmerritt/3125849767/
  28. (c) Leonora (Ellie) Enking, alguns direitos reservados (CC BY-SA), https://www.flickr.com/photos/33037982@N04/25415901435/
  29. (c) Siddarth Machado, alguns direitos reservados (CC BY-NC), https://www.flickr.com/photos/siddarthmachado/47341682581/
  30. (c) Siddarth Machado, alguns direitos reservados (CC BY-NC), https://www.flickr.com/photos/siddarthmachado/47341689891/
  31. (c) Phillip Merritt, alguns direitos reservados (CC BY-NC-SA), https://www.flickr.com/photos/phillipmerritt/3125849691/
  32. (c) John and Anni Winings, alguns direitos reservados (CC BY-NC-SA), https://www.flickr.com/photos/thebestgardening/10880145123/
  33. (c) Siddarth Machado, alguns direitos reservados (CC BY-NC), https://www.flickr.com/photos/siddarthmachado/32399657377/
  34. (c) Scott Zona, alguns direitos reservados (CC BY-NC), https://www.flickr.com/photos/scottzona/8185751219/
  35. (c) Scott Zona, alguns direitos reservados (CC BY-NC), https://www.flickr.com/photos/scottzona/8185790574/
  36. (c) Mike, alguns direitos reservados (CC BY-NC-ND), https://www.flickr.com/photos/openeye/3999117764/
  37. (c) Keith Ewing, alguns direitos reservados (CC BY-NC), https://www.flickr.com/photos/kewing/16698345910/
  38. (c) Mary Keim, alguns direitos reservados (CC BY-NC-SA), https://www.flickr.com/photos/38514062@N03/32827881460/
  39. (c) Scott Zona, alguns direitos reservados (CC BY-NC), https://www.flickr.com/photos/scottzona/8190979559/
  40. (c) John and Anni Winings, alguns direitos reservados (CC BY-NC-SA), https://www.flickr.com/photos/thebestgardening/10879825905/
  41. (c) Mary Keim, alguns direitos reservados (CC BY-NC-SA), https://www.flickr.com/photos/38514062@N03/5146755005/
  42. (c) Sharpj99, alguns direitos reservados (CC BY-NC-SA), https://www.flickr.com/photos/78235221@N05/7011163153/
  43. (c) L Hoffheins, alguns direitos reservados (CC BY-NC-ND), https://www.flickr.com/photos/artos/8078451307/
  44. Adaptado por Tricia LeBlanc de uma obra de (c) Wikipedia, alguns direitos reservados (CC BY-SA), https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilex_vomitoria
  45. (c) Wikipedia, alguns direitos reservados (CC BY-SA), https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilex_vomitoria

Mais informações

BioDiversity4All Mapa

Membro da Rede iNaturalist   |   Desenvolvido por software de código aberto do iNaturalist |   Documentação para programadores