coneflowers and black-eyed Susans
Rudbeckia
Summary 9
Rudbeckia /rʌdˈbɛkiə/ is a plant genus in the sunflower family. The species are commonly called coneflowers and black-eyed-susans; all are native to North America and many species are cultivated in gardens for their showy yellow or gold flower heads.
Etymology 10
The name was given by Carolus Linnaeus to honor his patron and fellow botanist at Uppsala University, Olof Rudbeck the Younger (1660–1740), as well as Rudbeck's late father Olof Rudbeck the Elder (1630–1702), a distinguished Naturalist, Philologist, and Doctor of Medicine (he had discovered the lymphatic system), and founder of Sweden's first botanic garden, now the Linnaean Garden at Uppsala. In 1730 Linnaeus had been invited into the home of the younger Rudbeck (now almost 70) as tutor his youngest children. Rudbeck had then recommended Linnaeus to replace him as a lecturer at the university and as the botanical garden demonstrator, even though Linnaeus was only in his second year of studies. In his book The Compleat Naturalist: A Life of Linnaeus, Wilfred Blunt quotes Linnaeus's dedication:
So long as the earth shall survive and as each spring shall see it covered with flowers, the Rudbeckia will preserve your glorious name. I have chosen a noble plant in order to recall your merits and the services you have rendered, a tall one to give an idea of your stature, and I wanted it to be one which branched and which flowered and fruited freely, to show that you cultivated not only the sciences but also the humanities. Its rayed flowers will bear witness that you shone among savants like the sun among the stars; its perennial roots will remind us that each year sees you live again through new works. Pride of our gardens, the Rudbeckia will be cultivated throughout Europe and in distant lands where your revered name must long have been known. Accept this plant, not for what it is but for what it will become when it bears your name.
Notes 10
Honey bee feeding on a coneflower (Rudbeckia)
Rudbeckia hirta
Prairie restoration
"Hirta"
Rudbeckia with gladiolus in JapanRudbeckia texana
Rudbeckia in Poland
Summary 10
Rudbeckia /rʌdˈbɛkiə/ is a plant genus in the Asteraceae or composite family. Rudbeckia flowers feature a prominent, raised central disc in black, brown shades of green, and in-between tones, giving rise to their familiar common names of coneflowers and black-eyed-susans. All are native to North America, and many species are cultivated in gardens for their showy yellow or gold flower heads that bloom in mid to late summer.
Uses 10
Many species are used in prairie restorations, for ornamental use, and by livestock for forage. An abundance of these plants on a rangeland indicates good health. They are deer and rabbit resistant.
Additional Range Maps 11
USDA NRCS Plants Database
BONAP County Distribution Map - (accompanying BONAP map key)
Minnesota Wildflowers MN Distribution Map
Additional Range Maps 12
USDA NRCS Plants Database
BONAP County Distribution Map - (accompanying BONAP map key)
Minnesota Wildflowers MN Distribution Map
Description 13
Asteraceae | Black-eyed-Susan
A course, rough-stemmed plant bearing daisy-like flower heads with showy, golden yellow rays surrounding a brown-cone-shaped central disk.
Habitat: Fields, prairies, and open woods.
Flowers: Head 2-3" wide.
Leaves: 2-7" long, lanceolate to ovate, rough, hairy; lower ones untoothed or scantily toothed, with 3 prominent veins and winged stalks.
Fruit: Tiny, dry, seed-like, lacking bristles.
Thieret, J. W., Niering, W. A., & Olmstead, N. C. (2001). National Audubon Society field guide to North American wildflowers: eastern region (Chanticleer Press ed.). New York: Alfred A. Knopf.
Description 12
Family:
Asteraceae (Aster)
Height:
1 to 5 ft.
Leaves:
Leaves (2-4” long) are thin, dark green, and rough textured. Lower leaves are largest and often have three lobes, while upper leaves are smaller and lance-shaped with pointed tips.
Flower:
Flowers (1-2” across) are golden-yellow in color, with 6-13 petals, and purple-brown, domed centers.
Bloom time:
July-October
Nicknames:
Three-lobed Coneflower, Three-leaved Coneflower, Thin-leaved Coneflower, Branched Coneflower, Deer Eye
Habitat:
Brown-eyed Susan grows best in full to partial sun, in moist to dry, fertile, loamy soils, but will also tolerate clay or gravel soils. It is commonly found in prairies, lowland woods, thickets, meadows, savannas, riverbanks, roadsides, and other areas with disturbed soils.
Wildlife Benefits:
Nectar and pollen is attractive to many species of bees, wasps, flies, beetles, and butterflies. Foliage is a food source for beetles, aphids, caterpillars, deer, rabbits, groundhogs, and other small mammals.
Can I plant this in my garden?
Given enough sun and open space, this plant is likely to do well in most gardens. It provides a beautiful pop of color, and is beneficial to wildlife. This species should be planted after the last frost of the winter to prevent mortality.
References:
https://www.minnesotawildflowers.info/flower/brown-eyed-susan
http://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/prairie/plantx/br_susanx.htm
https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/rudbeckia-triloba/
Description 11
Family:
Asteraceae (Aster)
Height:
1 to 3 ft.
Leaves:
Leaves (2-7” long) are alternately attached and hairy with three prominent veins. Leaf stalks are wide and clasp the main stem.
Flower:
Flowers are wide (2-3” across) and golden-yellow in color, with 8-20 long petals surrounding a domed, purple-brown center.
Bloom time:
June-October
Nicknames:
Brown Betty
Habitat:
Black-eyed Susan grows best in full sun, in dry to fairly moist conditions, in a range of fertile soil types. It is commonly found in prairies, savannas, fields, open woods, along roadsides, and in other areas with disturbed soils.
Wildlife Benefits:
Nectar and pollen are attractive to many species of bees, wasps, flies, beetles, and butterflies. Seeds are a food source for songbirds.
Can I plant this in my garden?
This plant is fairly common in gardens, and will do well given full sun and fairly fertile soil. It is fast-growing, low-maintenance, and moderately tolerant to drought.
References:
https://www.minnesotawildflowers.info/flower/black-eyed-susan
https://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/prairie/plantx/be_susanx.htm
https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/rudbeckia-hirta/
Description 14
• Flower: Yellow daisy-like
• Leaves: up to 10 inches long and wide, deeply lobed in 3 to 7 segments, irregularly toothed, on stalks up to 4 inches long, become smaller towards top of plant
• Fruit/Seed: seed head with brownish black, 4-sided seeds
• Height: 2-10 feet
• Flowering: July - September
• Habitat: fields, woodland edges, along shores, floodplains, swamps, wet ditches
Summary 15
This perennial forb is unique to the Texas and Louisiana Coastal Prairie. It can be distinguished by its tall, brown, cone-shaped head.
Fontes e Créditos
- Sem direitos reservados, uploaded by Sara L Giles
- (c) Peter Stenzel, alguns direitos reservados (CC BY-ND), https://www.flickr.com/photos/peterstenzel/50309186752/
- (c) Peter Stenzel, alguns direitos reservados (CC BY-ND), https://www.flickr.com/photos/peterstenzel/50252174696/
- (c) Peter Stenzel, alguns direitos reservados (CC BY-ND), https://www.flickr.com/photos/peterstenzel/50706902611/
- (c) Peter Stenzel, alguns direitos reservados (CC BY-ND), https://www.flickr.com/photos/peterstenzel/50597272613/
- (c) Jacob Pilich, alguns direitos reservados (CC BY-NC-ND), https://www.flickr.com/photos/11745697@N02/2204058987/
- (c) Crowcombe Al, alguns direitos reservados (CC BY-NC-ND), https://www.flickr.com/photos/deerleap/36749028606/
- (c) FarOutFlora, alguns direitos reservados (CC BY-NC-ND), https://www.flickr.com/photos/faroutflora/8002861836/
- Adaptado por Tricia LeBlanc de uma obra de (c) Wikipedia, alguns direitos reservados (CC BY-SA), https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudbeckia
- (c) Wikipedia, alguns direitos reservados (CC BY-SA), https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudbeckia
- (c) Ramsey-Washington Metro Watershed District, alguns direitos reservados (CC BY-SA), https://www.inaturalist.org/guide_taxa/1425390
- (c) Ramsey-Washington Metro Watershed District, alguns direitos reservados (CC BY-SA), https://www.inaturalist.org/guide_taxa/1425391
- (c) floracliff, alguns direitos reservados (CC BY-SA), https://www.inaturalist.org/guide_taxa/233714
- (c) Minnesota Scientific and Natural Areas, alguns direitos reservados (CC BY-SA), https://www.inaturalist.org/guide_taxa/1168060
- (c) clk5, alguns direitos reservados (CC BY-SA), https://www.inaturalist.org/guide_taxa/695938
