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Ring-billed Gull

Larus delawarensis

Summary 81

The ring-billed gull (Larus delawarensis) is a medium-sized gull. The genus name is from Latin Larus which appears to have referred to a gull or other large seabird. The specific delawarensis refers to the Delaware River.

Description 82

Measurements:

The head, neck and underparts are white; the relatively short bill is yellow with a dark ring; the back and wings are silver gray; and the legs are yellow. The eyes are yellow with red rims. This gull takes three years to reach its breeding plumage; its appearance changes with each fall moult. The average lifespan of an individual that reaches adulthood is 10.9 years

Diet 82

Ring-billed gulls forage in flight or pick up objects while swimming, walking or wading. They also steal food from other birds and frequently scavenge. They are omnivorous; their diet may include insects, fish, grain, eggs, earthworms and rodents. These birds are opportunistic and have adapted well to taking food when discarded or even left unattended by people. It is regarded as a pest by many beach-goers because of its willingness to steal unguarded food on crowded beaches. The birds congregate at beaches, marinas, docks and parks where people will hand feed them. The gull's natural enemies are rats, foxes, dogs, cats, raccoons, coyotes, eagles, hawks, and owls.

Distribution and habitat 82

The ring-billed gulls' breeding habitat is near lakes, rivers, or the coast in Canada and the northern United States. They nestcolonially on the ground, often on islands. This bird tends to be faithful to its nesting site, if not its mate, from year to year.

The ring-billed gull is a familiar sight in American parking lots, where it can regularly be found congregating in large numbers. In some areas, it is displacing less aggressive birds such as the common tern.

They are migratory and most move south to the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic and Pacific coasts of North America, and the Great Lakes.

This gull is a regular wanderer to western Europe. In Ireland and Great Britain it is no longer classed as a rarity, with several birds regularly wintering in those countries.

Status 82

In the late 19th century, the ring-billed gull was hunted for its plumage. Its population has since rebounded and it is probably the most common gull in North America.

Summary 83

The ring-billed gull (Larus delawarensis) is a medium-sized gull. The genus name is from Latin Larus which appears to have referred to a gull or other large seabird. The specific delawarensis refers to the Delaware River.

Vagrancy 82

This gull is a regular wanderer to western Europe. In Ireland and Great Britain it is no longer classed as a rarity, with several birds regularly wintering in those countries.

Fontes e Créditos

  1. (c) Gary Ashley, alguns direitos reservados (CC BY-NC), http://www.flickr.com/photos/22553111@N07/2255619597
  2. (c) Kevin Milazzo, alguns direitos reservados (CC BY-NC-SA), https://www.flickr.com/photos/milazzoyo/50736929271/
  3. (c) Stan Lupo, alguns direitos reservados (CC BY-NC-ND), https://www.flickr.com/photos/stanlupophotography/49352249478/
  4. (c) Don Sniegowski, alguns direitos reservados (CC BY-NC-SA), https://www.flickr.com/photos/sniegowski/50660604921/
  5. (c) Don Sniegowski, alguns direitos reservados (CC BY-NC-SA), https://www.flickr.com/photos/sniegowski/50775907236/
  6. (c) Stan Lupo, alguns direitos reservados (CC BY-NC-ND), https://www.flickr.com/photos/stanlupophotography/50889613733/
  7. (c) Judy Gallagher, alguns direitos reservados (CC BY), https://www.flickr.com/photos/52450054@N04/50809289756/
  8. (c) Judy Gallagher, alguns direitos reservados (CC BY), https://www.flickr.com/photos/52450054@N04/50545167813/
  9. (c) Judy Gallagher, alguns direitos reservados (CC BY), https://www.flickr.com/photos/52450054@N04/50777726052/
  10. (c) Hal Trachtenberg, alguns direitos reservados (CC BY-NC), https://www.flickr.com/photos/hikerboy45/2477298074/
  11. (c) Judy Gallagher, alguns direitos reservados (CC BY), https://www.flickr.com/photos/52450054@N04/50861712416/
  12. (c) j van cise photos, alguns direitos reservados (CC BY), https://www.flickr.com/photos/jvancisephotos/32502596577/
  13. (c) Stan Lupo, alguns direitos reservados (CC BY-NC-ND), https://www.flickr.com/photos/stanlupophotography/50903786798/
  14. (c) j van cise photos, alguns direitos reservados (CC BY), https://www.flickr.com/photos/jvancisephotos/28359809525/
  15. (c) j van cise photos, alguns direitos reservados (CC BY), https://www.flickr.com/photos/jvancisephotos/14632675984/
  16. (c) Don Sniegowski, alguns direitos reservados (CC BY-NC-SA), https://www.flickr.com/photos/sniegowski/49526695931/
  17. (c) Stan Lupo, alguns direitos reservados (CC BY-NC-ND), https://www.flickr.com/photos/stanlupophotography/45871220355/
  18. (c) Judy Gallagher, alguns direitos reservados (CC BY), https://www.flickr.com/photos/52450054@N04/49307628626/
  19. (c) j van cise photos, alguns direitos reservados (CC BY), https://www.flickr.com/photos/jvancisephotos/32643998030/
  20. (c) Judy Gallagher, alguns direitos reservados (CC BY), https://www.flickr.com/photos/52450054@N04/39643722383/
  21. (c) Judy Gallagher, alguns direitos reservados (CC BY), https://www.flickr.com/photos/52450054@N04/49612661597/
  22. (c) Virginia Rivers, alguns direitos reservados (CC BY-NC), https://www.flickr.com/photos/naturekind/49968150096/
  23. (c) Judy Gallagher, alguns direitos reservados (CC BY), https://www.flickr.com/photos/52450054@N04/33858739708/
  24. (c) Judy Gallagher, alguns direitos reservados (CC BY), https://www.flickr.com/photos/52450054@N04/49508851656/
  25. (c) Judy Gallagher, alguns direitos reservados (CC BY), https://www.flickr.com/photos/52450054@N04/44469262200/
  26. (c) Kari Nousiainen, alguns direitos reservados (CC BY-NC), https://www.flickr.com/photos/nousku/49527271976/
  27. (c) Daniel Mennerich, alguns direitos reservados (CC BY-NC-ND), https://www.flickr.com/photos/danielmennerich/5428674497/
  28. (c) Stuart Williams, alguns direitos reservados (CC BY-NC-ND), https://www.flickr.com/photos/viamoi/3144179679/
  29. (c) Tony Sprezzatura, alguns direitos reservados (CC BY-NC-SA), https://www.flickr.com/photos/184781347@N05/48944552611/
  30. (c) Judy Gallagher, alguns direitos reservados (CC BY), https://www.flickr.com/photos/52450054@N04/31841901857/
  31. (c) Mary Keim, alguns direitos reservados (CC BY-NC-SA), https://www.flickr.com/photos/38514062@N03/49144516531/
  32. (c) Whatknot, alguns direitos reservados (CC BY-NC-ND), https://www.flickr.com/photos/whatknot/83345436/
  33. (c) Don Sniegowski, alguns direitos reservados (CC BY-NC-SA), https://www.flickr.com/photos/sniegowski/39370392032/
  34. (c) Tony Varela Photography, alguns direitos reservados (CC BY-NC), https://www.flickr.com/photos/tony-v/20342522592/
  35. (c) Stuart Williams, alguns direitos reservados (CC BY-NC-ND), https://www.flickr.com/photos/viamoi/3010106587/
  36. (c) Mark Nenadov, alguns direitos reservados (CC BY), https://www.flickr.com/photos/marknenadov/33299083036/
  37. (c) Mark Nenadov, alguns direitos reservados (CC BY), https://www.flickr.com/photos/marknenadov/38561078671/
  38. (c) Putneypics, alguns direitos reservados (CC BY-NC), https://www.flickr.com/photos/38983646@N06/16837699256/
  39. (c) Shahnoor Habib Munmun, alguns direitos reservados (CC BY), http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Falcon_Lake_Manitoba_Canada_Summer_2009_(26).JPG
  40. (c) anonymous, alguns direitos reservados (CC BY-SA), http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Feeding_the_birds.jpg
  41. (c) Camcm, alguns direitos reservados (CC BY-SA), http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gulls_along_the_Assiniboine_River_near_Winnipeg.jpg
  42. (c) Paul VanDerWerf, alguns direitos reservados (CC BY), http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gulls_and_Ducks_(11601784973).jpg
  43. (c) Seabamirum on Flickr, alguns direitos reservados (CC BY), http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hydroprogne_caspia_Larus_delawarensis.jpg
  44. (c) LadyLizArt, alguns direitos reservados (CC BY-SA), http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Juvenile_Larus_delawarensis,_Holly_Hill,_Florida.jpg
  45. (c) Factumquintus, alguns direitos reservados (CC BY-SA), http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Larus-delawarensis-016.jpg
  46. (c) anonymous, alguns direitos reservados (CC BY-SA), http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Larus-delawarensis-017.jpg
  47. (c) anonymous, alguns direitos reservados (CC BY-SA), http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Larus-delawarensis-021.jpg
  48. (c) Jean-Philippe Boulet, alguns direitos reservados (CC BY), http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Larus_Delawarensis_August_2008.JPG
  49. (c) Jeangagnon, alguns direitos reservados (CC BY-SA), http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Larus_delawarensis,_Montreal_01.jpg
  50. (c) Jeangagnon, alguns direitos reservados (CC BY-SA), http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Larus_delawarensis,_Montreal_02.jpg
  51. (c) Jeangagnon, alguns direitos reservados (CC BY-SA), http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Larus_delawarensis,_Montreal_03.jpg
  52. (c) Jeangagnon, alguns direitos reservados (CC BY-SA), http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Larus_delawarensis,_Montreal_04.jpg
  53. (c) Jeangagnon, alguns direitos reservados (CC BY-SA), http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Larus_delawarensis,_Montreal_05.jpg
  54. (c) Acarpentier, alguns direitos reservados (CC BY), http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Larus_delawarensis,_first_winter,_Saint-Eustache,_Quebec_2.jpg
  55. (c) Sixflashphoto, alguns direitos reservados (CC BY-SA), http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Larus_delawarensis-Beach.jpg
  56. (c) Sixflashphoto, alguns direitos reservados (CC BY-SA), http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Larus_delawarensis-Hoover_Dam_Ohio_1.jpg
  57. (c) Wer-Al Zwowe, alguns direitos reservados (CC BY-SA), http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Larus_delawarensis-Ring-billed_Gull.JPG
  58. (c) user:matanya, alguns direitos reservados (CC BY-SA), http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Larus_delawarensis.jpg
  59. (c) Donald Hobern, alguns direitos reservados (CC BY), http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Larus_delawarensis_(20166024043).jpg
  60. (c) Donald Hobern, alguns direitos reservados (CC BY), http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Larus_delawarensis_(20598961718).jpg
  61. (c) Donald Hobern, alguns direitos reservados (CC BY), http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Larus_delawarensis_(20600226339).jpg
  62. (c) Donald Hobern, alguns direitos reservados (CC BY), http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Larus_delawarensis_(20760718606).jpg
  63. (c) Donald Hobern, alguns direitos reservados (CC BY), http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Larus_delawarensis_(20777529712).jpg
  64. (c) Donald Hobern, alguns direitos reservados (CC BY), http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Larus_delawarensis_(20777542962).jpg
  65. (c) Pablo Andrés Ortega Chávez, alguns direitos reservados (GFDL), http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Larus_delawarensis_(4280280838).jpg
  66. Neelix, sem restrições de direitos de autor conhecidas (domínio público), http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Larus_delawarensis_(juvenile).jpg
  67. (c) Virginia State Parks staff, alguns direitos reservados (CC BY), http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Larus_delawarensis_(juvenile)_6516925189.jpg
  68. (c) Mei, alguns direitos reservados (CC BY), http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Larus_delawarensis_-Boston,_Massachusetts,_USA-8.jpg
  69. Derrick Coetzee, sem restrições de direitos de autor conhecidas (domínio público), http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Larus_delawarensis_-Oakland_-USA-8.jpg
  70. (c) Manjith Kainickara, alguns direitos reservados (CC BY-SA), http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Larus_delawarensis_-Texas,_USA_-flying-8.jpg
  71. (c) John Benson, alguns direitos reservados (CC BY), http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Larus_delawarensis_-flight_-Madison_-USA-8.jpg
  72. Ltshears - Trisha M Shears, sem restrições de direitos de autor conhecidas (domínio público), http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Larus_delawarensis_001.jpg
  73. Unknown author, sem restrições de direitos de autor conhecidas (domínio público), http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Larus_delawarensis_1905.jpg
  74. (c) Walter Siegmund, alguns direitos reservados (CC BY-SA), http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Larus_delawarensis_1958.JPG
  75. (c) Walter Siegmund, alguns direitos reservados (CC BY-SA), http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Larus_delawarensis_1959.JPG
  76. (c) Walter Siegmund, alguns direitos reservados (CC BY-SA), http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Larus_delawarensis_1961.JPG
  77. (c) Walter Siegmund, alguns direitos reservados (CC BY-SA), http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Larus_delawarensis_1962.JPG
  78. (c) Walter Siegmund, alguns direitos reservados (CC BY-SA), http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Larus_delawarensis_1964.JPG
  79. (c) Walter Siegmund, alguns direitos reservados (CC BY-SA), http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Larus_delawarensis_1966.JPG
  80. (c) Walter Siegmund, alguns direitos reservados (CC BY-SA), http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Larus_delawarensis_1969.JPG
  81. Adaptado por Tricia LeBlanc de uma obra de (c) Wikipedia, alguns direitos reservados (CC BY-SA), https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ring-billed_gull
  82. (c) Wikipedia, alguns direitos reservados (CC BY-SA), https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ring-billed_gull
  83. (c) Wikipedia, alguns direitos reservados (CC BY-SA), https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larus_delawarensis

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