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This species is found in the mountains of central and western Mindanao Island in the Philippines. It probably occurs more widely than current records suggest.

It inhabits cool mountain streams and rivers in lower montane and lowland forests. It breeds in streams, which is where the larvae also develop.

It is fairly common.

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The major threats include habitat loss and deforestation, due to agriculture and logging, and water pollution.

• 9.3.2 Soil erosion, sedimentation
• 5.3.5 Motivation Unknown/Unrecorded
• 9.3.4 Type Unknown/Unrecorded
• 2.1.4 Scale Unknown/Unrecorded

It is recorded from several protected areas on Mindanao, including Mount Malindang National Park and Mount Apo and Mount Kitanlad Range Natural Parks. Conservation measures should include the regulation and proper disposal of pesticides and herbicides, and the protection of the remaining rainforest, especially riverine habitats and gallery forests, on Mindanao.

• 2.1 Site/area management
• 4.3 Awareness & communications
• 1.1 Site/area protection
• 2.3 Habitat & natural process restoration

Listed as Vulnerable because its Extent of Occurrence is less than 20,000 km2, its distribution is severely fragmented, and there is continuing decline in the extent and quality of its forest habitat on Mindanao in the Philippines.

• Alcala, A.C. and Brown, W.C. 1985. Philippine Amphibians: An Illustrated Field Guide. Bookmark Press, Makati City, Philippines.
• Brown, R.M., Diesmos, A.C. and Alcala, A.C. 2001. The state of Philippine herpetology and the challenges for the next decade. Silliman Journal 42(1): 18-87.
• Crombie, R.A. n.d.. Updated list of currently recognized species of Amphibians and Reptiles found in the Philippines with distributional summary and Philippine bibliography. Unpublished manuscript.
• Frost, D.R. 1985. Amphibian Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Allen Press and the Association of Systematic Collections, Lawrence, Kansas.
• Inger, R.F. 1954. The systematics and zoogeography of Philippine Amphibia. Fieldiana 33: 181-531.
• Inger, R.F. 1999. Distributions of amphibians in southern Asia and adjacent islands. In: W.E. Duellman (ed.), Patterns of Distribution of Amphibians: A Global Perspective, pp. 445-482. John Hopkins University Press.
• Taylor, E.H. 1923. Additions to the herpetological fauna of the Philippine Islands, III. Philippine Journal of Science: 515-557.